全国职称英语考试理工类AB级课堂笔记第15讲

例题解析：

Soot （煤灰） and Snow：a Hot Combination

 

  New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way

sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be

responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．

  Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth，where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy,white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight．

  Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change．Also，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting，the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．”This provides a positive feedback．as glaciers and ice sheets melt，they tend to get even dirtier,”said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies．New York．

  Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．

  “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon‘，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate．

“This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a

 carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude．’’Hansen noted．

   Hansen cautioned，although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century．

  The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’climate model simulations．which showed some of the 1argest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．

 

1．Paragraph 3 __.

2．Paragraph4 __.

3．Paragraph 6 __.

4．Paragraph 7 __.

5．  In the twentieth century，soot __.

A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere

B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo

E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission

F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G10bal Warming

 

5. In the twentieth century, soot ___.

6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases__.

7．  Black soot covered snow and ice__.

8．       A soot forcing is unusually effective，which__.

A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude

B  contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming

C  can produce greenhouse gases

D  absorb more of sun’s energy and warmth than white background

E  still surpass soot in warming the world’S climate during the last century

F  can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere

 

1．   文章标题分析：Soot （煤灰） and Snow：a Hot Combination

根据标题内容可以判断该文章与自然环境（环境污染）有关。

 

A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere

B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）

E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission

F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming

分析：被选项中都涉及到了文章标题所揭示的核心词，划线结构是小标题中的核心结构，也是可以用作答案线索的结构。

 

A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere

B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）

E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission

F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming

 

1．  Paragraph 3 __.

  Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change．Also，if snow and ice- covered areas begin melting，the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．”This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt，they tend to get even dirtier,” said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies．New York．

1．C． 分析：段首句的大意和用词似乎在暗示A是答案。但是在下文中没有具体提到soot是如何改变气候的（排除A）。段落中soot出现了两次，因此重点注意包含soot的被选项： C和E。段落中没有提到有关“煤灰散发”的问题，所以排除E，选择C。

提示：在借助段首句内容的时候判断答案的时候还应该扫视一下全文。

 

A Soot’s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere

B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）

E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission

F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming

 

2．  Pa