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全国职称英语考试理工类AB级课堂笔记第4讲_新范文网
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全国职称英语考试理工类AB级课堂笔记第4讲

整理:新范文 来源:互联网
  
前言
Ø阅读理解出题特点:
以2002年和2003年理工A/B阅读理解题的出题特点进行比较:
2002年理工B阅读理解题:
A Thirsty World
Nonverbal Thinking in Engineering *(补全短文部分练习题)
Black Holes
About computer: computers, live with computer, Electronic Mail, Hacking
--
2003年理工B阅读理解题:
New Foods and The New World *(阅读理解部分练习题)
Please fasten your seatbelts*(阅读理解部分练习题)
“Salty” rice plant boosts harvest 
Attached materials:
From A Thirsty World
主题理解---The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water…
语言特点:句子结构较简单,多为简单句或简单复合句。 
From Salty rice plant boosts harvest
主题理解--- British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
语言特点:多为简单句或简单复合句,但是文章中也出现了一定数量的结构较为复杂的句子,如:Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world
2002年理工A阅读理解题:
valuing childhood
Hacking *(阅读理解部分练习题)
Space-Age Archeology 
2003年理工A阅读理解题:
 “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest
Living with computer *(阅读理解部分练习题)
The body clock 
From Valuing Childhood
主题理解---The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清楚) in today’s world. Consider some recent developments: the child-murderers in ., schoolyard shooting case..
语言特点:句子结构较简单,多为简单句或简单复合句。但是由于文章主题的原因,有些句子并不太容易理解,这些句子句意的理解可能需要借助上下文,如:
(Despite horror at what was done, children are not – cannot be –dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.) That’s why politicians’ cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
补充:
beside the point adv.离题, 不中肯
to the point adv.中肯, 切中要点 
可以看出:理工AB级阅读理解考题中,所选择的文章主题基本上都与科技有关,也可能涉及其他类的主题,如自然地理,社会文化等。文章主题较容易理解。通常会有1篇左右的文章是直接选择当年的职称英语用书上阅读理解部分的文章,但其文章后的问题通常会有变动。
阅读理解解题思路分析:
阅读理解是职称英语考试中重点考察的对象,本部分为3篇文章,每篇300-450词,主要考察考生对文章中心和细节信息的理解能力。阅读理解也是对解题技巧的测试。做题时可行的方法是:先看文章题目(title),然后是看文章后面的问题(problems),最后才是文章(main body)。 在阅读文章时应该注意进行有目的的阅读:在阅读中跳过(skip over)不相关的信息(information unconcerned),节约时间直达问题的答案。
在阅读中还应关注段首句:如果所要阅读的文章是议论文或说明文,则段首句往往是主题句 -- 该段论述/说明中心,因此主题句有助于迅速的查找问题答案。
对于文章后面的问题:有关细节方面的问题的设置基本上是按照文章的发展顺序,即:通常第二题答案的位置通常在第一题答案所在位置的后面,所以如果第一题答案在第一段,则第二题答案可能在第二段或第三段中;所以可按照问题设置的顺序在对应的相关段进行答案查找。同时对于有关文章主题方面的问题,可以放在最后来处理,或借助文章的开头,结尾,及文章各段的段首句综合加以判断。
在寻找答案时可以采用通过所问问题中的关键词(题干中核心结构中(主语/谓语/宾语)的用词和修饰语(起修饰作用的形容词/副词))和/或特征词(题干中出现的时间,数字,人名,地名等容易在文章中进行查找和确认的词汇/结构)进行答案的查找。
快速而正确地解读阅读理解的主要关键在于:1. 准确而迅速地读懂文章后面的问题,尤其问题的含意是肯定还是否定的,一定要弄清楚; 2. 解读阅读理解答案位置的快速确定;3. 在选择答案时排除法的运用;4.识别答案陷阱; 
本讲教学目的
通过具体例题的分析讲解,向考生介绍有效的阅读理解题的解题方法,同时借助文章进行英语语法和词汇的复习。

例题讲解 
下面有2篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题,从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Passage 1
Computers in Cars
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (雾) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car’s windshield (挡风玻璃).
“Can this be route 90A?”  you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet there’s no hint of one. Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exists. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car markets. These computers vary in details. But they all contain series of maps on Vediodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow.
A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate (交替的) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微处理机的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayed as digital data (numbers) or warming lights.
Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display can



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