全国职称英语考试综合类AB级课堂笔记第31讲

第一部分：词汇选择

下面每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1．He has established himself to be a competent （A）manager by his successfully handling several difficult tasks.

A  definite       B  effective     C   qualified          D  deficient

1. C. 借助搭配结构（…经理）和句子中出现的词语（successfully handling）判断答案应该是C（胜任的）。Definite adj.明确的, 一定的；effective adj.有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象的； deficient adj.缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的； qualified adj.有资格的

 

2． The hotel tries to meet the diverse （B）needs of its customers. 

A  various       B  indifferent      C   many          D  typical

2. A. 分析：借助句意（这家饭店尽量满足饭店顾客的各种需要）判断答案为A（各种各样的）。Indifferent adj（与to连用）不感兴趣的；漠不关心的；不注意的；typical adj.典型的, 象征性的。

 

3．He is exempted （A）from military service, because of his bad sight.

A  restricted       B  hampered     C   liberated

          D  restrained

3. C. 借助搭配结构：在被选项中通常和from搭配使用的动词是C（解放），所以答案是C。该句含义是“他由于视力不好而免服兵役。” Restrict vt.限制, 约束； hamper v.妨碍, 牵制； restrain vt.抑制, 制止

 

4. He pondered （A）his words thoroughly.

A  thought over       B  thought about     C   thought of          D  thought out

4. A. 分析：借助句意义（他说每一句话要仔细掂量。）判断A是答案。think over v.仔细考虑, 重新考虑； think about v.考虑, 回想； think of v.考虑, 关心, 想起； think out v.设计出, 解决

 

5． We should never content （B）ourselves with a little book knowledge only.

     A) convince    B)satisfy       C) comfort    D) benefit   

5. B. 分析：根据句意（我们切不可（满足于）仅仅有一点点书本知识。）判断B（使满足）是答案。Convince vt.使确信, 使信服；convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事；  benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于； comfort n.安慰, 舒适, 安慰者vt.安慰, 使(痛苦等)缓和； 

 

6． We are impressed by his considerate arrangement for our travel.

     A) constructive    B)sensitive C) thoughtful  D) considerable   

6. C. 分析：D和划线词最相似，所以很可能不是答案。Consider是“考虑”，除了D以外，只有C有“想，考虑”的含义，因此C是答案。constructive建设性的，积极的； considerable adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的；sensitive adj.敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光的

 

7． His health had deteriorated （B）while he was in prison.

A) became better    B)became worse        C) became stronger    D) became weaker

7. B. 分析：借助搭配“健康…”，排除C和D（strong和 weak都不和“健康”搭配使用，只能说“身体” strong或 weak），再借助句意（在监狱服刑期间他的健康变得恶化了）判断B（变得更糟糕）是答案。Deteriorate v.(使)恶化

 

8． Smoking is inhibited （B）in public places.

  A) instructed    B)inquired  C) forbidden   D) strived

8. C. 分析：借助句意（吸烟在公共场合被..）判断C是答案。Instruct vt.教, 命令, 指示; inquire v.询问, 问明, 查究; forbid vt.禁止, 不许; strive v.努力, 奋斗

Dark Forces Dominate Universe

 

    The Earth，moon，sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe．Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown _1_ that puzzle astronomers．

  Observations in recent years have changed the basic understanding of how the universe evolved and have emphasized for astronomers how little is known _2_ the major forces and substances that shaped our world．

    Astronomers now know that luminous matter-stars．planets and hot gas – _3_ only about 0.4 percent of the universe．Non．1uminous components．such as black holes and intergalactic gas，make up 3.6 percent．The rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent，or dark energy, about 73 percent．

    Dark matter, sometimes called “cold dark matter,” has been known for some _4_. Only recently have researchers come to understand the pivotal role it _5_ in the formation of stars, planets and even people．

    “We owe our very existence to dark matter,” said physicist Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which appeared not long _6_ in the journal Science．

    Steinhardt said it is believed that following the Big Bang，the theoretical _7_ of the universe，dark matter caused particles to clump together．That set up the gravitation processes that led to the formation of stars and galaxies．Those stars，in turn，created the basic chemicals，such as carbon and iron．that were _8_ to the evolution of life．

    “Dark matter dominated the formation of structure in the early universe．”Steinhardt said．“For the first few billion years dark matter contained  _9_  of the mass of the universe．You can think of ordinary matter as a froth of an Ocean of dark matter．The dark matter clumps and the ordinary matter falls into it．That led to the _10_ of the stars and galaxies．”

    Without dark matter,“there _11_ be virtually no structures in the universe．”

    The nature of dark matter is _12_．It cannot be seen or detected  _13_ ．Astronomers know it is there because of its effect on celestial objects than can be seen and measured．

    But the most dominating force Of _14_ in the universe is called dark energy．a recently proven power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed．

    One scientist said it is clear now _15_ dark matter and dark energy engaged in a gravitational tug of war that，eventually，dark energy won．

 

词汇：

intergalactic／adj．银河间的      gravitation／n．地心吸力，万有引力

pivotal／adj．关键的                froth／n．泡沫

owe／v．把……归功于