全国职称英语考试综合类C级课堂笔记第4讲

Ø阅读理解出题特点：

以2002年和2003年综合C阅读理解题的出题特点进行比较：

2002年阅读理解题：
The Greatest Show on Earth *
Supermarket
A Thirsty World
2003年阅读理解题：
What Makes a Soccer Player Great? *
New Foods and The New World **
Up in Smoke

Attached materials:

From Supermarket
主题理解---Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop…
   Between the shelf units and the window in one half of the shops are a number of small counters about three feet high..
语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。 

From A Thirsty World

主题理解---The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water…
语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。 

From Up in Smoke --   grew in smoke
主题理解---I began to smoke when I was in high school. ..

My parents don’t care much. ..
I read a book called How to Stop Smoking...

--可以看出：综合C级阅读理解考题中，所选择的文章主题基本上都与社会或文化有关，有时也可能涉及其他类的主题，如自然地理，大众科技等。文章中句子结构较为简单，文章主题较容易理解。通常会有1篇左右的文章是直接选择当年的职称英语用书上阅读理解部分的文章，但其文章后的问题通常会有变动。

 

阅读理解是职称英语考试中重点考察的对象，本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，主要考察考生对文章中心和细节信息的理解能力。阅读理解也是对解题技巧的测试。做题时可行的方法是：先看文章题目（title），然后是看文章后面的问题（problems），最后才是文章（main body）。 在阅读文章时应该注意进行有目的的阅读：在阅读中跳过（skip over）不相关的信息（information unconcerned），节约时间直达问题的答案。

在阅读中还应关注段首句：如果所要阅读的文章是议论文或说明文，则段首句往往是主题句 -- 该段论述/说明中心，因此主题句有助于迅速的查找问题答案。

对于文章后面的问题：有关细节方面的问题的设置基本上是按照文章的发展顺序，即：通常第二题答案的位置通常在第一题答案所在位置的后面，所以如果第一题答案在第一段，则第二题答案可能在第二段或第三段中；所以可按照问题设置的顺序在对应的相关段进行答案查找。同时对于有关文章主题方面的问题，可以放在最后来处理，或借助文章的开头，结尾，及文章各段的段首句综合加以判断。

在寻找答案时可以采用通过所问问题中的关键词（题干中核心结构中（主语/谓语/宾语）的用词和修饰语（起修饰作用的形容词/副词））和/或特征词（题干中出现的时间，数字，人名，地名等容易在文章中进行查找和确认的词汇/结构）进行答案的查找。

快速而正确地解读阅读理解的主要关键在于：1. 准确而迅速地读懂文章后面的问题，尤其问题的含意是肯定还是否定的，一定要弄清楚； 2. 解读阅读理解答案位置的快速确定；3. 在选择答案时排除法的运用；4.识别答案陷阱； 

通过具体例题的分析讲解，向考生介绍有效的阅读理解题的解题方法，同时借助文章进行英语语法和词汇的复习。

例题讲解 

下面有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Passage 1

Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city’s population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offsprings of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the city’s population.

Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they form? (OK, time to drop the “they”. I’m one of them.) The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere . In the list of the top 20 source nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and the former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. “If you’re not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine, “you’d better hit the road.”

The mayor of New York once said, “Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City.” He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of “unity” that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century since 1970, the United States admitted about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are purposeful and hard working, they will help America to make a fresh start in the next century. 

练习：

1．The report issued by the Department of Planning of New York
A. put forward ways to control New York’s population.
B. concerned itself with the growth of New York’s population.
C. studied the structure of New York’s population.
D.suggested ways to increase New York’s population

2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true of the immigrants in New York?
A. One can not find his place in New York unless he is ready to work.
B. They found life in New York harder than in their own countries.
C. Most of them have difficulty finding jobs.
D. One can live on welfare if he does not want to work. 

3. The mayor of New York considers immigration to be
A. a big problem in the management of the city.
B. a push needed to develop the city.
C. a cause of disintegration of the city’s social structure.
D. an obstacle to the development of the city
.
4. Where are the New Yorkers from?
A. Asia.
B. Europe.
C. All over the world.
D. Latin America.

5. What is the author’s attitude towards immigration to New York?
A. Negative.
B. Worried.
C. Indifferent.
D. Positive. 

1．文章标题分析：New York -- the melting pot
借助文章开头相关的语句进一步了解文章的标题/中心： 

Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city’s population was foreign-born.