职称英语考试卫生类C级课堂笔记第28讲

2005年职称英语精讲课程

 

（卫生类C级）

 

 

 

阅读理解第五讲

 

例题解析：

 

passage 1

 

Cigars instead

 

Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip，tongue，mouth and throat，according to a government study．

 

Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voicebox) sixfold，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda，Maryland．

 

In addition，the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers．

 

The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article“Cigars：Health Effects and Trends．”The researchers report that，compared with a cigarette，a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco．specific nitrosamines．

 

“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase0 in

 

cigar use and the significant public health consequences。for the country，”said Dr．Richard

 

Klausner，director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement．

 

“The data are clear—the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke．1ike

 

cigarettes，are associated with。the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，”he added．“In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive．”

 

“To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is—don’t．To those currently smoking cigars，quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer，heart and lung disease risks，”warned Klausner．

 

According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven’t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events．but“…a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke．’’

 

词汇：

 

cigar／n．雪茄烟

 

double／vt．使加倍，把……增一倍

 

esophagus／n．食管

 

larynx／n．喉

 

esophageal／adj．食管的

 

carcinogenic／adj．致癌的

 

nitrosamine／n．亚硝胺

 

carcinogen／n．致癌物

 

alternative／n．供替代的抉择

 

addictive／adj．(使人)上瘾的， (使人)入迷的

 

 

 

1．According co the report．smoking three or four cigars a day

 

A)increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers．

 

B)greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers．

 

C)increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers，

 

D)greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers．

 

 

 

2．In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?

 

A)Six．

 

B)Seven．

 

C)Eight．

 

D)Nine．

 

 

 

3．What is the main idea of the article“Cigars：Health Effects and Trends”?

 

A)When it comes to cancer，cigars are not any safer than cigarettes．

 

B)Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so．

 

C)Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes．

 

D)Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much．

 

 

 

4．What is the doctors’advice to those cigar-smokers?

 

A)To give it up completely．

 

B)To give up part of it．

 

C)Not to think about it any more．

 

D)To cure the diseases first．

 

 

 

5．In the context of this passage,“secondhand smoke”means

 

A)smoking bad-quality cigars．

 

B)smoking very cheap cigars．

 

C)being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking．

D)being near cigar smokers when they are smoking．

 

 

 

1．文章标题分析：

 

Cigars instead

 

instead: adv. 替代；更换; （与of连用）代替

 

synonyms: rather than, in place of

 

e.g. I didn't have a pen, so I used a pencil instead.

 

我没有钢笔，因此我就用铅笔了。

 

e.g. We'll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.

 

我们将改在花园喝茶，而不在屋里喝。

 

 

 

2. 解题：

 

1. According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day

 

A. increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers

 

B. greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers

 

C. increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers

 

D. greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers

 

1． D。分析：利用题干中的核心结构（smoking three or four cigars）作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到答案相关句：

 

In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal（食道的） cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.

 

被选项中出现的结构具有干扰性：A和C中的for non-smokers的含义是“对于不吸烟者”， 而B和D进行比较，D更合适。

 

 

 

2. In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?

 

A. six

 

B. seven

 

C. eight

 

D. nine

 

2． B。分析：注意备选项的特点（都是数字），在文章中查找cancers，发现在文章开头提到：

 

Smoking one or two cigars a day double the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat(小于最小的6种) ，于是继续找：

 

Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus(食道的), and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (喉) sixfold, say researchers at..

 

-fold suf.[置于数词后]表示“倍, 重”,

 

如:fivefold, manifold, hundredfold

 

并注意判断第3段中的

 

In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer（“口